The Ebers Papyrus is among the oldest and most important medical papyri of Ancient Egypt. In 1954, Berta and Ernst Scharrer concluded that the hormones were produced by the nuclei of cells in the hypothalamus.Įarly accounts Ancient Egypt (c. The main question now became whether the cause of diabetes insipidus lay in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, given their intimate connection. By the 1920s, accumulated findings defined diabetes insipidus as a disorder of the pituitary. Von den Velden) in 1913 paved the way for treatment. The discovery of an antidiuretic substance extracted from the pituitary gland by researchers in Italy (A. In regard to diabetes insipidus, treatment became available before the causes of the disease were clarified. The patent for insulin was assigned to the University of Toronto in 1923 for a symbolic dollar to keep treatment accessible. Macleod, Charles Best, and James Collip-paved the way for treatment. The discovery and purification of insulin for clinical use between 1921–1922 by a group of researchers in Toronto- Frederick Banting, J.J.R. In the beginning of the 20th century, physicians hypothesized that the islets secrete a substance (named 'insulin') that metabolises carbohydrates. These cells were named Islets of Langerhans after the original discoverer. In 1893, Édouard Laguesse suggested that the islet cells of the pancreas, described as 'little heaps of cells' by Paul Langerhans in 1869, might play a regulatory role in digestion. In regard to diabetes mellitus, Joseph von Mering and Oskar Minkowski are commonly credited with the formal discovery (1889) of a role for the pancreas in causing the condition. Johann Peter Frank is credited with distinguishing diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus in 1794. In 1674, Thomas Willis suggested that diabetes may be a disease of the blood. Early accounts often referred to diabetes as a disease of the kidneys. Physicians of the medieval Islamic world, including Avicenna, have also written on diabetes. For a long time, the condition was described and treated in traditional Chinese medicine as xiāo kě ( 消渴 'wasting-thirst'). The term diabetes traces back to Demetrius of Apamea (1st century BC). Ayurvedic physicians (5th/6th century BC) first noted the sweet taste of diabetic urine, and called the condition madhumeha ('honey urine'). The condition known today as diabetes (usually referring to diabetes mellitus) is thought to have been described in the Ebers Papyrus (c. Frederick Banting (right) joined by Charles Best in office, 1924

Michael bliss the discovery of insulin